Renal deficit and associated factors in children born with low birth weight / Déficit renal e fatores associados em crianças nascidas com baixo peso

ABSTRACT Introduction: Kidney problems may be due to low birth weight alone or may occur in association with other conditions. The objective this study was to evaluate the association between maternal and birth characteristics, anthropometric measurements, and kidney function deficit in low birth weight infants. Methods: Cross-sectional study with children who were born weighing < 2500 grams and were under outpatient follow-up. Maternal factors investigated were prenatal care and presence of hypertension, diabetes, and infection during pregnancy. The children's variables were sex, gestational age, birth weight, Apgar score, use of nephrotoxic medications, age, body weight at the time of evaluation, height, and serum creatinine and cystatin C dosages. The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was estimated with the combined Zapittelli equation. Multivariate logistic regression model was used for identification of associated factors, with renal function deficit (GFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2) as the dependent variable. Results: Of the 154 children evaluated, 34.42% had kidney function deficit. Most of them had a gestational age > 32 weeks (56.6%), a mean birth weight of 1439.7 grams, and mean estimated GFR of 46.9 ± 9.3 mL/min/1.73 m2. There was a significant association of GFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 with children's current weight and use of nephrotoxic drugs. Discussion: Children born with low birth weight had a high prevalence of kidney function deficit and current normal weight was a protective factor while the use of nephrotoxic drugs during perinatal period increased the chance of kidney deficit. These findings reinforce the need to evaluate the kidney function in these children, especially those who use nephrotoxic drugs.

RESUMO Introdução: Problemas renais podem ser devido apenas ao baixo peso ao nascer ou podem ocorrer em associação com outras condições. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a associação entre características maternas e de nascimento, medidas antropométricas e déficit da função renal em bebês de baixo peso ao nascer. Métodos: Estudo transversal com crianças que nasceram com peso < 2500 gramas e estavam sob acompanhamento ambulatorial. Os fatores maternos investigados foram cuidados pré-natal e presença de hipertensão, diabetes e infecção durante a gravidez. As variáveis das crianças foram sexo, idade gestacional, peso ao nascer, índice Apgar, uso de medicamentos nefrotóxicos, idade, peso corporal no momento da avaliação, altura e dosagens séricas de creatinina e cistatina C. A taxa de filtração glomerular (TFG) foi estimada com a equação combinada de Zapittelli. Utilizou-se um modelo de regressão logística multivariada para identificação de fatores associados, com déficit da função renal (TFG < 60 mL/min/1,73 m2) como variável dependente. Resultados: Das 154 crianças avaliadas, 34,42% apresentaram déficit da função renal. A maioria tinha idade gestacional > 32 semanas (56,6%), peso médio ao nascer de 1439,7 gramas, e TFG média estimada de 46,9 ± 9,3 mL/min/1,73 m2. Houve uma associação significativa da TFG < 60 mL/min/1,73 m2 com o peso atual das crianças e o uso de medicamentos nefrotóxicos. Discussão: Crianças nascidas com baixo peso apresentaram alta prevalência de déficit da função renal e o peso atual normal foi um fator de proteção, enquanto o uso de medicamentos nefrotóxicos durante o período perinatal aumentou a chance de déficit renal. Estes achados reforçam a necessidade de avaliar a função renal destas crianças, especialmente aquelas que usam medicamentos nefrotóxicos.

Prevalencia de osteopenia del prematuro antes y después de la implementación de una estrategia temprana de manejo fosfocálcico / Prevalence of osteopenia of prematurity before and after implementing an early strategy with the use of calcium and phosphate

Introducción. Con el uso de la nutrición parenteral agresiva en recién nacidos de muy bajo peso, se detectaron alteraciones del metabolismo fosfocálcico. En 2016 se implementó una estrategia de prevención a través del monitoreo fosfocálcico y su suplementación temprana. El objetivo fue estudiar si esta estrategia disminuye la prevalencia de osteopenia e identificar factores de riesgo asociados. Población y métodos. Estudio cuasiexperimental que comparó la prevalencia de osteopenia entre dos grupos: uno después de implementar la estrategia de monitoreo y suplementación fosfocálcica (01/01/2017-31/12/2019), y otro previo a dicha intervención (01/01/2013-31/12/2015). Resultados. Se incluyeron 226 pacientes: 133 pertenecen al período preintervención y 93 al posintervención. La prevalencia de osteopenia global fue del 26,1 % (IC95% 20,5-32,3) y disminuyó del 29,3 % (IC95% 21,7-37,8) en el período preintervención al 21,5 % (IC95% 13,6-31,2) en el posintervención, sin significancia estadística (p = 0,19). En el análisis multivariado, el puntaje NEOCOSUR de riesgo de muerte al nacer, recibir corticoides posnatales y el período de intervención se asociaron de manera independiente a osteopenia. Haber nacido luego de la intervención disminuyó un 71 % la probabilidad de presentar fosfatasa alcalina >500 UI/L independientemente de las restantes variables incluidas en el modelo. Conclusión. La monitorización y suplementación fosfocálcica precoz constituye un factor protector para el desarrollo de osteopenia en recién nacidos con muy bajo peso al nacer.

Introduction. With the use of aggressive parenteral nutrition in very low birth weight infants, alterations in calcium and phosphate metabolism were detected. In 2016, a prevention strategy was implemented through calcium phosphate monitoring and early supplementation. Our objective was to study whether this strategy reduces the prevalence of osteopenia and to identify associated risk factors. Population and methods. Quasi-experiment comparing the prevalence of osteopenia between two groups: one after implementing the calcium phosphate monitoring and supplementation strategy (01/01/2017­12/31/2019) and another prior to such intervention (01/01/2013­12/31/2015). Results. A total of 226 patients were included: 133 in the pre-intervention period and 93 in the post-intervention period. The overall prevalence of osteopenia was 26.1% (95% CI: 20.5­32.3) and it was reduced from 29.3% (95% CI: 21.7­37.8) in the pre-intervention period to 21.5% (95% CI: 13.6­31.2) in the post-intervention period, with no statistical significance (p = 0.19). In the multivariate analysis, the NEOCOSUR score for risk of death at birth, use of postnatal corticosteroids, and the intervention period were independently associated with osteopenia. Being born after the intervention reduced the probability of alkaline phosphatase > 500 IU/L by 71%, regardless of the other variables included in the model. Conclusion. Calcium phosphate monitoring and early supplementation is a protective factor against the development of osteopenia in very low birth weight infants.

Percepção materna do cuidado à recém-nascidos com baixo peso: revisão sistemática qualitativa

Introdução: O peso ao nascer tem grande influência sobre o desenvolvimento global da criança, que por sua vez sofre influência direta dos cuidados maternos. Objetivo: Identificar na literatura científica a percepção materna sobre o cuidado de recém-nascidos com baixo peso. Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão sistemática de estudos qualitativos conduzida em conformidade com as diretrizes metodológicas do Instituto Joanna Briggs. A pesquisa foi realizada entre abril de 2021 e março de 2023 nas bases de dados PubMed, MedLine, BVS, Scielo, EMBASE e Web of Science, com os descritores: "percepção materna", "baixo peso ao nascer" e "cuidado da criança", em diferentes combinações. Incluíram-se estudos em português, inglês e espanhol, publicados entre 2013 e 2023, que tratassem do cuidado materno de recém-nascidos com baixo peso no contexto hospitalar ou domiciliar. Os resultados foram categorizados de acordo com a análise de conteúdo. Resultados: Foram identificados 1129 estudos, dos quais apenas 11 foram incluídos nesta revisão, nas seguintes categorias: sentimentos maternos, necessidades e desafios do cuidado, aleitamento materno, vínculo mãe-bebê e apoio social. Considerações finais: Mães de recém-nascidos com baixo peso experimentam insegurança e problemas gerais de adaptação que afetam os cuidados para suprimento das necessidades essenciais da criança. Apoio familiar e de profissionais de saúde podem reforçar a segurança materna e contribuir para o cuidado integral de recém-nascidos com baixo peso.

Introducción: El peso al nacer tiene una gran influencia en el desarrollo global del niño, el cual a su vez está directamente influido por los cuidados maternos. Objetivo: Identificar en la literatura científica la percepción de la madre sobre el cuidado del niño nacido con bajo peso. Métodos: Esta es una revisión sistemática de estudios cualitativos realizados de acuerdo con las pautas metodológicas del Instituto Joanna Briggs. La investigación fue realizada entre abril de 2021 y marzo de 2023 en las bases de datos PubMed, MedLine, BVS, Scielo, EMBASE y Web of Science, con los descriptores: "percepción materna", "bajo peso al nacer" y "cuidado del niño", en diferentes combinaciones. Se incluyeron estudios en portugués, inglés y español, publicados entre 2013 y 2023, que abordaran el cuidado materno de niños nacidos con bajo peso en el contexto hospitalario o domiciliario. Los resultados se clasificaron según el análisis de contenido. Resultados: Se identificaron 1129 estudios, de los cuales solo 11 fueron incluidos en esta revisión, en las siguientes categorías: sentimientos maternos, necesidades y desafíos de cuidado, lactancia materna, vínculo madre-hijo y apoyo social. Consideraciones finales: Las madres de niños nacidos con bajo peso experimentan inseguridad y problemas generales de adaptación que afectan los cuidados para satisfacer las necesidades esenciales del niño. El apoyo familiar y el apoyo de los profesionales de la salud pueden reforzar la seguridad materna y contribuir a la atención integral en salud de los niños nacidos con bajo peso.

Introduction: Birth weight has a great influence on the child's global development, which in turn is directly influenced by maternal care. Objective: To identify in the scientific literature the mother's perception about the care of children born with low birth weight. Methods: This is a systematic review of qualitative studies conducted in accordance with the methodological guidelines of the Joanna Briggs Institute. The research was carried out between April/2021 and March/2023 in the databases: PubMed, Medline, VHL, SciELO, EMBASE and Web of Science, with the descriptors: maternal perception, low birth weight and child care, in different combinations. Studies in Portuguese, English and Spanish, published between 2013 and 2023, that addressed the maternal care of children born with low birth weight in the hospital or home context were included. Results were categorized according to content analysis. Results: 1129 studies were identified, of which only 11 were included in this review, in the following categories: maternal feelings, care needs and challenges, breastfeeding, mother-infant bonding and social support. Final considerations: Mothers of children born with low birth weight experience insecurity and general adaptation problems that affect care to meet the child's essential needs. Family support and support from health professionals can reinforce maternal security and contribute to the comprehensive health care of low birth weight children.

Infección congénita por citomegalovirus en neonatos muy bajo peso

Introducción: La infección congénita por el citomegalovirus en neonatos menores de 1500 gramos puede ser causa de morbilidad, mortalidad y discapacidad. Objetivo: Describir el comportamiento de la infección congénita por citomegalovirus en un servicio de neonatología. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal con 61 neonatos. Se les realizó detección de citomegalovirus en la primera semana de vida en suero y orina, mediante reacción en cadena de la polimerasa, para determinar infección congénita. Se evaluaron variables perinatales en todos los neonatos, así como elementos clínicos y resultados de exámenes complementarios en los infectados. Resultados: La incidencia de infección congénita fue de un 10 % (6/61). El 5 % de los estudios fueron positivos (6/122). Ninguna muestra de orina resultó positiva (0/61) y en el 10 % de las muestras de suero (6/61) se detectó el genoma del virus. Se encontró asociación entre valoración nutricional al nacer e infección por citomegalovirus (p< 0,05). El 83 % de los neonatos infectados presentaron algún signo clínico y el síndrome de dificultad respiratoria fue el más frecuente (67 %). En todos los neonatos con infección congénita el ultrasonido cerebral fue normal y en el 33 % se detectó retinopatía de la prematuridad en el fondo de ojo. Conclusiones: La incidencia de infección congénita por citomegalovirus es alta en este grupo de riesgo. Los signos clínicos encontrados y los resultados del fondo de ojo en neonatos con infección congénita se relacionaron con la prematuridad y la valoración nutricional de hipotrófico se asoció con esta infección.

Introduction: Congenital cytomegalovirus infection in neonates weighing less than 1500 grams can be a cause of morbidity, mortality, and disability. Objective: To describe the behavior of congenital cytomegalovirus infection in a neonatal service. Methods: A descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted with 61 neonates. Cytomegalovirus was detected in the first week of life in serum and urine, by polymerase chain reaction, to determine congenital infection. Perinatal variables were evaluated in all neonates, as well as clinical elements and results of complementary examinations in infected infants. Results: The incidence of congenital infection was 10% (6/61). 5% of the studies were positive (6/122). No urine samples were positive (0/61) and the virus genome was detected in 10% of serum samples (6/61). An association was found between nutritional assessment at birth and cytomegalovirus infection (p < 0.05). A total of 83% of infected neonates had some clinical sign, with respiratory distress syndrome being the most common (67%). In all neonates with congenital infection, brain ultrasound was normal, and retinopathy of prematurity was detected in 33% of patients with fundus retinopathy. Conclusions: The incidence of congenital cytomegalovirus infection is high in this risk group. The clinical signs found and the results of the fundus in neonates with congenital infection were related to prematurity and the nutritional assessment of hypotrophic was associated with this infection.

Prevalencia de la arteria umbilical única en gestantes: su relación con otras malformaciones y el bajo peso al nacer

Introducción: La arteria umbilical única tiene una incidencia del 1 % en los recién nacidos. Se le asocia frecuentemente con gemelaridad, malformaciones y crecimiento intrauterino retardado, y constituye un factor de riesgo de prematuridad, muerte fetal y neonatal. Objetivos: Determinar la prevalencia de la arteria umbilical única en gestantes, y la asociación de esta entidad con otras malformaciones y el bajo peso al nacer. Materiales y métodos: Estudio descriptivo retrospectivo, con datos obtenidos de las historias clínicas y del modelo de seguimiento lineal existente en las consultas de genética comunitaria del municipio Matanzas, de enero de 2015 a diciembre de 2019. Resultados: La prevalencia de la arteria umbilical única fue del 0,3 %. Las malformaciones más frecuentes fueron las renales; el 27,7 % de los nacimientos fueron pretérmino y el 33,3 % de los nacidos fue con un peso inferior a 2500 g. Conclusiones: La arteria umbilical única constituye un marcador para otras malformaciones. Cuando coexisten ambas existe riesgo de prematuridad y bajo peso al nacer. Se recomienda realizar examen clínico posnatal a todo recién nacido con arteria umbilical única, pesquisando defectos renales y cardíacos.

Introduction: The single umbilical artery has an incidence of 1% in newborns. It is frequently associated with twinning, malformations and delayed intrauterine growth, and is a risk factor of prematurity, fetal and neonatal death. Objective: To determine the prevalence of single umbilical artery in pregnant women and the association of this entity with other malformations and low birth weight. Materials and methods: Retrospective descriptive study, with data obtained from medical records and the linear follow-up model existing in the community genetic clinics of the municipality of Matanzas, from January 2015 to December 2019. Results: The prevalence of the single umbilical artery was 0.3%. The most frequent malformations were renal ones; 27.7% of births were pre-term and 33.3% of those born weighed less than 2500g. Conclusions: The single umbilical artery is a marker for other malformations. When both coexist there is a risk of prematurity and low birth weight. Postnatal clinical examination is recommended for all newborns with single umbilical artery, checking for renal and heart defects.

Características clínicas y epidemiológicas de madres con recién nacidos prematuros y de bajo peso / Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of mothers with preterm and low weight infants i: en

Introducción: El parto prematuro y el bajo peso al nacer constituyen un problema de salud a escala mundial, ya que representan un predictor importante del desarrollo y crecimiento posnatal, así como un indicador de morbilidad y mortalidad infantil. Objetivo: Caracterizar a madres con recién nacidos prematuros y de bajo peso según variables clínicas y epidemiológicas. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, de corte transversal, desde enero hasta diciembre de 2022, de 35 madres con recién nacidos prematuros y de bajo peso, pertenecientes al Policlínico Docente Área Este de la ciudad de Camagüey. Entre las variables analizadas figuraron: edad, estado nutricional, clasificación del riesgo, control prenatal, riesgo reproductivo preconcepcional, consulta multidisciplinaria, enfermedades propias del embarazo, estado al nacer, deficiencias detectadas y causas. Resultados: En la serie predominaron el grupo etario de 35 y más años (25,7 %), la obesidad (37,1 %), las madres con elevados riesgos (45,7 %), quienes recibieron entre 8-14 controles prenatales, y malos antecedentes obstétricos (31,4 %). Por otra parte, 22,9 % de las madres tuvieron hijos con bajo peso y 31,4 %, prematuros; en tanto, hubo dificultades en el seguimiento por ausencias (57,1 %). Conclusiones: Las madres presentaron características clínicas y epidemiológicas desfavorables, tales como la edad de 35 y más años, la obesidad, el alto riesgo, los malos antecedentes obstétricos y la infección vaginal como enfermedad propia del embarazo, que influyeron en que los neonatos fueran prematuros o de bajo peso, o ambos.

Introduction: Preterm birth and low birth weight constitute a health problem worldwide, since they represent an important predictor of development and postnatal growth, as well as an indicator of newborn morbidity and mortality. Objective: To characterize mothers with preterm and low weight infants according to clinical and epidemiological variables. Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out from January to December, 2022, of 35 mothers with preterm and low weight infants, belonging to the East Area Teaching Polyclinic in Camagüey city. Age, nutritional state, risk classification, prenatal control, preconcepcional reproductive risk, multidisciplinary visits, diseases characteristic of pregnancy, birth state, detected deficiencies and causes were among the analyzed variables. Results: In the series there was prevalence of the 35 and over age group (25.7%), obesity (37.1%), high risk mothers (45.7%) who received among 8-14 prenatal controls, and bad obstetric history (31.4%). On the other hand, 22.9% of the mothers had low weight children and 31.4% preterm children; as long as there were difficulties in follow up due to absences (57.1%). Conclusions: The mothers presented unfavorable clinical and epidemiological characteristics, such as the 35 and over years, obesity, high risk, bad obstetric history and vaginal infection as a disease characteristic of pregnancy, which influenced the infants to be preterm or low weight, or both.

Potenciales evocados auditivos de tronco en neonatos nacidos a gran altitud / Brainstem auditory evoked potentials in newborn infants born in a high-altitude area

Introducción. Una forma no invasiva y segura de evaluar los parámetros neurofisiológicos en recién nacidos es la evaluación de los potenciales evocados auditivos del tronco encefálico (PEAT). Objetivo. Evaluar las latencias e intervalos de ondas de los PEAT en neonatos sanos nacidos a gran altitud (Cusco, 3399 msnm). Población y métodos. Estudio transversal y prospectivo. Se incluyeron neonatos menores a 14 días de vida, dados de alta a menos de 7 días de nacidos, evaluados para determinar los valores de los PEAT a intensidades sonoras de 70 dB, 80 dB y 90 dB. Se incluyeron las variables edad gestacional, peso al nacer, tipo de parto. Se calcularon las diferencias de las medianas de las latencias e intervalos de las ondas según edad gestacional y peso al nacer. Resultados. Se evaluaron 96 neonatos (17 pretérminos). Las medianas de las latencias de las ondas I a V a 90 dB fueron las siguientes: onda I 1,56 ms; onda II 2,74 ms; onda III 4,37 ms; onda IV 5,62 ms, onda V 6,63 ms. La latencia de la onda I para 80 dB fue de 1,71 ms y para 70 dB de 1,88 ms. Los intervalos para las ondas (I-III), (III-V) y (I-V) fueron de 2,8 ms, 2,2 ms y 5,0 ms respectivamente, sin diferencias entre intensidades (p >0,05). La prematuridad y el bajo peso estuvieron asociados a latencias de la onda I más prolongadas (p <0,05). Conclusiones. Se presentan valores ajustados de latencias e intervalos de los PEAT en neonatos nacidos a gran altitud. Se identificó que, a distintas intensidades sonoras, se ven diferencias en las latencias de las ondas, pero no en los intervalos entre ondas.

Introduction. A non-invasive and safe way to assess neurophysiological parameters in newborn infants is the evaluation of brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEPs). Objective. To assess the latencies and wave intervals of BAEPs in healthy newborn infants born in a high-altitude area (Cusco, 3399 MASL). Population and methods. Cross-sectional and prospective study. Newborn infants younger than 14 days of age, discharged less than 7 days after birth, were assessed to determine BAEP values at intensities of 70 dB, 80 dB, and 90 dB. The study variables were gestational age, birth weight, and type of delivery. The median differences in wave latencies and intervals were estimated according to gestational age and birth weight. Results. A total of 96 newborn infants (17 preterm infants) were assessed. The median latencies of waves I­V at 90 dB were for wave I: 1.56 ms, wave II: 2,74 ms, wave III: 4.37 ms, wave IV: 5.62 ms, and wave V: 6.63 ms. The latency of wave I for 80 dB was 1.71 ms and for 70 dB, 1.88 ms. Wave intervals (I­III, III­V, I­V) were 2.8 ms, 2.2 ms, and 5.0 ms, respectively, without differences among intensities (p > 0.05). Prematurity and low birth weight were associated with a longer wave I latency (p < 0.05). Conclusions. Here we describe adjusted BAEP latency and interval values for newborn infants born at high altitude. At different sound intensities, we identified differences in wave latencies, but not in interwave intervals.

Costo-efectividad de la calidad del control prenatal con respecto al bajo peso al nacer en el Cauca / Antenatal control quality cost-effectiveness regarding low birth weight in Cauca

Antecedentes: El departamento del Cauca en Colombia es multiétnico, multicultural y biodiverso, también con grandes diferencias en bajo peso al nacer (BPN), mortalidad perinatal y mortalidad neonatal tardía entre municipios. Objetivo: Determinar la relación de costo-efectividad del control prenatal (CPN) cuando ha tenido buena calidad frente al que ha tenido calidad deficiente con respecto al BPN en el departamento del Cauca entre 2018 y 2020. Método: Evaluación económica con diseño epidemiológico de una cohorte histórica desde la perspectiva de la institución pagadora. Se calculó la razón incremental de costo-efectividad (RICE), análisis de sensibilidad e impacto presupuestal. Resultados: La incidencia de BPN fue del 8,3% (348/4182). La calidad deficiente en el CPN incrementó el riesgo de BPN (OR: 3,38; IC95%: 1,05-8,2) y la buena calidad tuvo una mejor relación de costo-efectividad (RICE: USD 2727,75), con posición dominante frente a la calidad deficiente (6,14 veces el PIB per cápita de ahorro) y con un impacto presupuestal de USD 2.904.392. Conclusiones: La buena calidad del CPN en el departamento del Cauca durante 2018-2020 fue costo-efectiva y dominante por ser de menor costo y mayor efectividad.

Background: The department of Cauca in Colombia is multiethnic, multicultural, and biodiverse, also with large differences in low birth weight (LBW), perinatal mortality, and late neonatal mortality among municipalities. Objective: To determine the cost-effectiveness relationship of antenatal care (ANC) when it has had good quality compared to that which has had poor quality with respect to low birth weight in the department of Cauca between 2018 and 2019. Method: Economic evaluation with epidemiological cohort design historical from the perspective of the payer institution. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (RICE), sensitivity analysis, and budgetary impact were calculated. Results: The incidence of LBW was 8.3% (348/4182). Poor quality in ANC increased the risk of LBW (OR: 3.38; CI95%: 1.05-8.2), good quality had a better cost-effectiveness ratio (RICE: USD 2727.75), with dominant position against poor quality (6.14 times the GDP/capita savings) with a budgetary impact of USD 2,904,392. Conclusions: The good quality of the ANC in the department of Cauca during 2018-2020 was cost-effective and dominant because it is lower cost and more effective.

Warning Signs on Short Hammersmith Neonatal Neurological Examination and Correlation With Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination Global Score in Preterm Infants: A Prospective Cohort Study

Objective: To describe the findings of short Hammersmith Neonatal Neurologic examination (HNNE) in preterm small for gestational age (SGA) and appropriate for gestational age (AGA) infants at term equivalent age (TEA) and to correlate it with the global score of Hammersmith Infant Neurologic Examination (HINE) performed at 4-6 months of corrected age. Methods: This prospective cohort study was conducted at the high risk follow-up clinic of our center. 52 preterm infants born <35 weeks gestation were examined using HNNE at TEA and followedup till 4-6 months of corrected age to estimate HINE. Results: 20 infants (38.5%) had warning signs and 9 (17.3%) had abnormal signs on short HNNE. 12 (37.5%) AGA infants and 6 (30%) SGA infants had global score <65 at mean corrected age (SD) of 4.3 (0.7) weeks and 4.5 (0.8) weeks, respectively. Very preterm, birth weight <1000 g and SGA was significantly associated with global scores <65. Conclusion: Early identification of warning signs among SGA infants using Short HNNE screening at TEA can be useful to initiate early intervention. There was no statistically significant difference in global scores by HINE among AGA and SGA infants in early infancy.

Significados de vivencias en cuidados gestacionales de nacidos con bajo peso

El bajo peso al nacer se considera un problema en salud pública multifactorial, con consecuencias como la morbimortalidad neonatal, deficiencias en el desarrollo cognitivo y el aumento del riesgo de desarrollo de enfermedades crónicas en etapas posteriores de la vida. Objetivo: interpretar los significados de las vivencias en cuidados gestacionales de las mujeres con hijos con bajo peso al nacer a término, que permitan identificar aspectos de salud, socioeconómicos, emocionales, entre otros, que sean relevantes durante la gestación y que puedan ser caracterizados e incluidos en el marco de las políticas públicas vinculantes en Sincelejo, Sucre. Metodología: fenomenología aplicada a ocho mujeres madres de niños/as con bajo peso al nacer a término. La información fue procesada con el método Colaizzi. Resultados: derivaron cinco macro categorías: 1) Cuidado y cuidado de sí en la gestación. 2) La salud en movimiento durante los cuidados de la gestación. 3) El cambio como vivencia permanente en la gestación. 4) Economía y gestación. 5) Las emocionalidades habitan la gestación. Conclusiones: El estudio atiende al nacimiento y a los factores contextuales, sociales y familiares relacionados. Se convirtió en una vía hacia el conocimiento protagonizado por las gestantes de gran utilidad para las políticas públicas.

Low birth weight is considered a multifactorial public health problem with consequences such as neonatal morbidity and mortality, deficiencies in cognitive development and increased risk of developing chronic diseases in later stages of life. Objective: To interpret the meanings of the experiences in pregnancy care of women with low birth weight babies at term, which allow the identification of health, socioeconomic and emotional aspects, among others, that are relevant during pregnancy, and that can be characterized and included in the framework of binding public policies in Sincelejo, Sucre. Method: Phenomenology applied to eight mothers of low-birth-weight babies at term. The information was processed with the Colaizzi method. Results: Five macro-categories were derived: 1) Care and self-care during pregnancy; 2) Health in motion during pregnancy care 3) Change as a permanent experience in pregnancy 4) Economy and gestation 5) Emotionality inhabiting gestation. Conclusions: The study addresses birth, contextual, social and family related factors. This study became a path towards knowledge carried out by pregnant women, which is very useful for public policies.

O baixo peso ao nascer se considera um problema na saúde pública multifatorial, com consequências como a morbimortalidade neonatal, deficiências no desenvolvimento cognitivo e o aumento do risco de desenvolvimento de doenças crônicas em etapas posteriores da vida. Objetivo: interpretar os significados das vivências em cuidados gestacionais das mulheres com filhos com baixo peso ao nascer a termo, identificar aspeitos de saúde, socioeconómicos, emocionais, entre outros, que sejam relevantes durante a gestação e que possam ser caracterizados e incluídos no marco das políticas públicas vinculantes em Sincelejo, Sucre. Metodologia: fenomenologia aplicada a oito mulheres mães de meninos/as com baixo peso ao nascer a termo. A informação foi processada com o método Colaizzi. Resultados: derivaram cinco macro categorias: 1) Cuidado e cuidado de si na gestação. 2) A saúde em movimento durante os cuidados da gestação. 3) O câmbio como vivência permanente na gestação. 4) Economia e gestação. 5) As emocionalidades tem a gestação. Conclusões: O estudo atende ao nascimento e aos fatores contextuais, sociais e familiares relacionados. Tornou-se em uma via para o conhecimento protagonizado pelas gestantes é de grande utilidade para as políticas públicas.

Comparison between Wright and Shukla formulas: which is better for the placement of umbilical catheters in newborns ≤ 1500 g? / Comparación entre las fórmulas de Wright y de Shukla: ¿cuál es mejor para la colocación de catéteres umbilicales en recién nacidos ≤ 1500 g?

Abstract Background: Intravascular venous (VUC) or arterial (AUC) umbilical catheter placement is the most frequent invasive procedure in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Either Wright's or Shukla's formula is used to introduce the catheters. However, Shukla's formula is associated with incorrect insertion, especially for newborns < 1500 g. This study aimed to determine by chest X-ray if Wright's formula is better than Shukla's formula for the correct placement of umbilical catheters in newborns ≤ 1500 g. Methods: We included patients admitted to the NICU of a secondary-level hospital between 2021-2022 who received VUC or AUC through the Wright or Shukla formulas. Results: A total of 129 newborns were included: 78 with VUC and 51 with AUC. In VUC, 50% with Wright and 36.8% with Shukla formulas had the correct location, (p = 0.24). In AUC, 56.6 % with Wright and 52.4% with Shukla formulas were placed correctly placed, (p = 0.76). VUC with weight < 1000 g were correctly placed in 36.4% with Wright and 33.3% with Shukla formulas (p = 0.58). VUC in newborns > 1000 g were correctly placed in 66.6% with Wright and 38.4% with Shukla formulas (p = 0.065). AUC in newborns < 1000 g were correctly placed in 45% using Wright and 42.9% Shukla formulas (p = 0.63). AUC in newborns > 1000 g were correctly placed in 80% using Wright and 57.1% Shukla formulas (p = 0.23). Conclusions: We found 13% more correctly placed VUC using Wright's formula. Moreover, Wright's formula was 29% above Shukla's VUC placement in neonates > 1000 g, although there was no significant difference due to the sample size.

Resumen Introducción: La colocación de catéteres intravasculares venosos umbilicales (CVU) y arteriales (CAU) es el procedimiento invasivo más frecuente en la unidad de cuidados intensivos neonatales (UCIN). Para introducirlos se utilizan las fórmulas de Wright y de Shukla, aunque esta última podría estar asociada con una inserción incorrecta, especialmente en neonatos < 1500 g. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar mediante radiografía de tórax cuál fórmula es mejor para la correcta colocación de catéteres umbilicales en recién nacidos ≤ 1500 g. Métodos: Se incluyeron los pacientes ingresados en la UCIN de un hospital de segundo nivel entre 2021-2022 que recibieron CVU o CAU mediante las fórmulas de Wrigth o Shukla. Resultados: Se incluyeron en total 129 recién nacidos: 78 CVU y 51 CAU. En CVU, Wright 50% y Shukla 36.8% tuvieron localización correcta, p = 0.24. En las CAU, Wright 56.6% y Shukla 52.4% tenían una ubicación correcta, p = 0.76. En CVU con peso < 1000 g, Wright 36.4% y Shukla 33.3% bien situados, p = 0.58. En CVU > 1000 g, Wright 66.6% y Shukla 38.4% bien situados, p = 0.065. En CAU < 1000 g, Wright 45% y Shukla 42.9%, p = 0.63. En CAU con peso > 1000 g, Wright 80% y Shukla 57.1%, p = 0.23. Conclusiones: La colocación del CVU fue 13% mejor con la fórmula de Wright. La fórmula de Wright superó en el 29% la colocación del CVU en los neonatos > 1000 g en comparación con la de Shukla, aunque no hubo diferencia significativa debido al tamaño de la muestra.

Risk factors of acute kidney injury in very low birth weight infants in a tertiary neonatal intensive care unit

Abstract Objective Acute kidney injury (AKI) in the neonatal period is associated with worst outcomes as increased mortality and increased length of hospital stay. Very low birth weight (VLBW) newborns are at higher risk for developing several other conditions that are associated with worst outcomes. Understanding the risk factors for AKI may help to prevent this condition and improve neonatal care for this population. Methods This retrospective cohort study included 155 very low birth weight newborns admitted between 2015 and 2017. The authors compared the newborns who developed neonatal AKI with the non-AKI group and analyzed the main risk factors for developing AKI in the population. The authors also performed an analysis of the main outcomes defined as the duration of mechanical ventilation, length of stay, and death. Results From the cohort, a total of 61 (39.4%) patients had AKI. The main risk factors associated with Neonatal AKI were necrotizing enterocolitis (aOR 7.61 [1.69 - 34.37]; p = 0.008), neonatal sepsis (aOR 2.91 [1.17 - 7.24], p = 0.021), and hemodynamic instability (aOR 2.99 [1.35 - 6.64]; p = 0.007). Neonatal AKI was also associated with an increase in the duration of mechanical ventilation in 9.4 days (p = 0.026) and in an increase in mortality 4 times (p = 0.009), after adjusting for the other variables. Conclusion The present results highlight the importance of minimizing sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis, as well as the importance of identifying hemodynamic instability, to prevent AKI and diminish the burden of morbimortality in VLBW newborns.

Factors associated with skin-to-skin contact less than 180 min/day in newborns weighing up to 1,800 g: multicenter study / Fatores associados ao contato pele a pele inferior a 180 min/dia em recém-nascidos com peso até 1.800 g: estudo multicêntrico

Abstract This article aims to evaluate the factors associated with a skin-to-skin contact time <180 min/day in newborns weighing up to 1,800 g during neonatal hospitalization. Prospective observational cohort study conducted in neonatal units of reference for the Kangaroo Method in Brazil. Data from 405 dyads (mother/child) were analyzed from May 2018 to March 2020. Maternal and neonatal explanatory variables were collected from medical records and interviews. Skin-to-skin contact was recorded in forms posted at the bedside, filled out by parents and staff. The outcome variable was the mean time of skin-to-skin contact < 180 min/day. Hierarchical modeling was performed by Poisson regression with robust variance. The variables associated with the outcome were "without easy access to the hospital", "without previous knowledge of the kangaroo method" and "having had morbidities during pregnancy". Mothers without easy access to the hospital and who are unaware of the kangaroo method should be priority targets for health policies to develop strategies that promote greater exposure to skin-to-skin contact during the hospitalization period of their children.

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é avaliar os fatores associados ao tempo de contato pele a pele < 180 min/dia em recém-nascidos com peso até 1.800 g durante a internação neonatal. Estudo observacional tipo coorte prospectivo conduzido em unidades neonatais de referência no Brasil. Foram analisados dados de 405 díades (mãe/filho), no período de maio de 2018 a março de 2020. As características da mãe e do recém-nascido foram coletadas em prontuários e entrevistas, a realização do contato pele-a-pele era registrada em fichas anexadas ao leito, preenchidas pela equipe e pelos pais. A variável desfecho foi o tempo médio diário de contato pele-a-pele inferior a 180 minutos. Foi realizada modelagem hierarquizada utilizando a regressão de Poisson com variância robusta para cálculo das razões de prevalência. As variáveis que permaneceram independentemente associadas foram: "não ter fácil acesso ao hospital" (morar longe ou ter dificuldade de transporte), "não possuir conhecimento prévio sobre o método canguru" e "ter apresentado morbidades durante a gestação". Mães sem fácil acesso ao hospital e que desconhecem o método canguru devem ser alvos prioritários das políticas de saúde para desenvolver estratégias que promovam maior exposição ao contato pele a pele durante o período de internação de seus filhos.

Incidence and Determinants of Low birth weight babies at rural tertiary care hospital in central Uttar Pradesh

Background: An infant’s birth weight is a reliable index of intrauterine growth and a sensitive predictor of newborn chances of survival, growth and long-term physical and psychosocial development. Low birth weight has been defined as birth weight <2.5 kg regardless of gestational age. The incidence of low birth weight (LBW) in India varies between 25–30% and of which 60–65% are because of intrauterine growth retardation. Aim & Objective: To determine the incidence and various determinants of low birth weight among babies delivered at rural tertiary care hospitals in central Uttar Pradesh. Methods and Material: The study was conducted at UPUMS, Saifai, Etawah, among pregnant women who delivered babies from 1st January 2018 to 31st December 2018. Details regarding age of the mother, gravida, parity, gestation period, presence of complications, the procedure for delivery and birth weight of the newborn were recorded and analyzed using SPSS software (version 23) Results: A total of 7615 deliveries were conducted (53.2% were males, 46.8% were females). The mean birth weight of babies was 2.65 Kg with S.D ± 0.52. Preterm babies were 32% while 67% were term babies and 23% of babies were low birth weight. There was a statistically significant association between birth weight of babies and factors like age of mother, parity of mother, gestation period, and presence of complications during the antenatal period. Conclusions: Prompt identification of high-risk factors, prevention of premature delivery, increasing the use of health services during pregnancy and management of the risk factors would reduce the incidence of low birth weight.

TO STUDY THE ROLE OF PROBIOTICS IN PREVENTING NECROTIZING ENTEROCOLITIS IN PRETERM AND LOW BIRTH WEIGHT NEONATES

Introduction: Necrotising Enterocolitis (NEC) is the most common gastrointestinal emergency in NICU, it is a life-threatening disease that occurs primarily in premature infants.1 Probiotics are the live microbial dietary supplements that when administered in adequate amount promotes health.2 In premature infants they are thought to improve the positive balance of colonizing bacteria that facilitate development of mucosal immunity and prevent the excessive in?ammation associated with NEC.3 The present study is a Prospective Observational study Methods and Materials: conducted in the NICU at Prathima Institute Of Medical Sciences, Karimnagar,Telangana. During the period of 2 years between December 2020 and November 2022. Neonates of <37 weeks of gestation and with birth weight <1500 gms admitted into NICU are included in the study. The selected neonates would be administered probiotic 2 million spores of Bacillus clausii ampules per day along with expressed mother's own milk daily till they reach full feeds (150ml/kg/day). These neonates were observed clinically, investigated and studied during their period of admission in NICU for the development of Necrotising Enterocolitis and also the morbidity and mortality of such neonates was studied. : In the present study, out of 50 Results neonates, 11 (22%) preterms developed NEC while 39 (78%) of them did not. This was found to be statistically signi?cant (p=0.01). Out of the 11 preterms, 1 (2%) belonged to ELBW while 10 (90%) belonged to VLBW. Out of the 11 preterms who developed developed NEC, 4 (8%) developed stage I NEC, 5 (10%) developed stage II NEC and 2 (4%) developed stage III NEC. This was statistically signi?cant (p= 0.001) In our present study, 4 (8%) of the preterms developed with sepsis while 46 (92%) did not develop sepsis. This was statistically signi?cant (p=0.001) Necrotizing Enterocolitis is a worldwide problem in Conclusion: Preterms Low Birth Weight neonates. The present study has found that Probiotic supplementation has reduced both the 4incidence and severity of NEC in such neonates. Probiotic supplementation has also reduced the incidence of culture proven 5sepsis in preterm and Low Birth Weight neonates

Correlation between hypertensive retinopathy and fetal outcomes in patients with preeclampsia in a tertiary care hospital: A prospective cohort study

Purpose: To study the effect of increasing grades of hypertensive retinopathy (HTR) on neonatal outcomes among preeclamptic women and assess the various maternal risk factors for HTR. Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted on 258 preeclamptic women. The systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP), liver, and renal function parameters were collected besides basic demographic details. Dilated fundus examination with the Keith–Wagner–Barker classification was used to grade HTR. Following delivery, neonatal outcomes were evaluated. Results: Of the 258 preeclamptic women recruited, 53.1% had preeclampsia (PE), and 46.9% had severe preeclampsia. With increasing grades of HTR, a significant association with low birth weight (LBW) (p = 0.012) and preterm gestational age (p = 0.002) was noted but not with the Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity and Respiration (APGAR) score (p = 0.062). Also, it did not increase the risk of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), with most babies, even those born to mothers with high grades of HTR, showing no evidence of ROP (p = 0.025). Among the maternal factors, increasing age (p = 0.016), SBP (p < 0.001), DBP (p < 0.001), serum creatinine (p = 0.035), alanine aminotransferase (p = 0.008), lower hemoglobin (Hb) (p = 0.009), lower platelet (p < 0.001), and severe PE (p < 0.001) have been found to significantly affect the grade of HTR. Conclusion: Higher grades of HTR in the preeclamptic mother are associated with preterm delivery and LBW of the neonates but neither affect the APGAR score nor pose the risk of developing ROP

Child mortality remains a serious public health problem / Mortalidade infantil continua sendo um grave problema de saúde pública

The identification of factors related to infant deaths can help in the planning of public health actions for the restructuring and improvement of maternal and child care, with a view to reducing infant mortality. The variables related to infant mortality continue to be incident in males, in those of brown color, with birth weight below normal and children of young mothers. Furthermore, the infant mortality rate in the first year of life among the Yanomami population reached 114.3 per thousand births in 2020, ten times the infant mortality rate recorded in other corners of Brazil. Actions with technical and financial investment throughout prenatal care with a complete care network and strengthening childcare services for children by the Primary Care network at municipal level are necessary and urgent strategies to reduce the drama of preventable deaths of children in the first year of life.

A identificação de fatores relacionados aos óbitos infantis pode auxiliar no planejamento de ações de saúde pública para a reestruturação e a melhoria da assistência materno-infantil, visando à redução da mortalidade infantil. As variáveis relacionadas à mortalidade infantil continua sendo incidente no sexo masculino, naqueles de cor parda, com peso ao nascer abaixo do normal e filhos de mães jovens. Ações com investimento técnico e financeiro ao longo do pré-natal com rede assistencial completa e fortalecimento no atendimento de puericultura das crianças pela rede de Atenção Básica em nível municipal são estratégias necessárias e urgentes para reduzir a dramaticidade das mortes evitáveis de crianças no primeiro ano de vida.

Growth phenotypes of very low birth weight infants for prediction of neonatal outcomes from a Brazilian cohort: comparison with INTERGROWTH

Abstract Objective: To assess the predictive value of selected growth phenotypes for neonatal morbidity and mortality in preterm infants < 30 weeks and to compare them with INTERGROWTH-21st (IG21). Methods: Retrospective analysis of data from the Brazilian Neonatal Research Network (BNRN) database for very low birth weight (VLBW) at 20 public tertiary-care university hospitals. Outcome: the composite neonatal morbidity and mortality (CNMM) consisted of in-hospital death, oxygen use at 36 weeks, intraventricular hemorrhage grade 3 or 4, and Bell stage 2 or 3 necrotizing enterocolitis. Selected growth phenotypes: small-for-gestational-age (SGA) defined as being < 3rd (SGA3) or 10th (SGA10) percentiles of BW, and large-for-gestational-age (LGA) as being > 97th percentile of BW. Stunting as being < 3rd percentile of the length and wasting as being < 3rd percentile of BMI. Single and multiple log-binomial regression models were fitted to estimate the relative risks of CNMM, comparing them to IG21. Results: 4,072 infants were included. The adjusted relative risks of CNMM associated with selected growth phenotypes were (BNRN/IG21): 1.45 (0.92-2.31)/1.60 (1.27-2.02) for SGA; 0.90 (0.55-1.47)/1.05 (0.55-1.99) for LGA; 1.65 (1.08-2.51)/1.58 (1.28-1.96) for stunting; and 1.48 (1.02-2.17) for wasting. Agreement between the two references was variable. The growth phenotypes had good specificity (>95%) and positive predictive value (70-90%), with poor sensitivity and low negative predictive value. Conclusion: The BNRN phenotypes at birth differed markedly from the IG21 standard and showed poor accuracy in predicting adverse neonatal outcomes.

Influencia de la malnutrición fetal en el crecimiento y desarrollo craneofacial

Introducción: La malnutrición fetal incide de forma negativa en el crecimiento y la maduración, afectando las estructuras craneofaciales en el feto. Objetivo: Determinar los efectos de la malnutrición fetal por defecto en el crecimiento y desarrollo craneofacial en niños. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio analítico de casos y controles, en el área de salud José Martí del municipio Camagüey, desde enero de 2018 hasta diciembre de 2020. El universo estuvo constituido por niños de 6-11 años de edad, pertenecientes al área salud y la muestra quedó conformada por 40 niños, 20 en el grupo de estudio y 20 controles. El grupo de estudio se conformó por niños que presentaron bajo peso al nacer por defecto y tuvieron alteraciones en el crecimiento del complejo craneofacial y el grupo control por niños que no presentaron alteraciones en el crecimiento del complejo craneofacial y que al nacimiento se encontraban normopeso. A todos los niños se les efectuaron mediciones antropométricas craneofaciales. Resultados: La medida de la circunferencia cefálica al nacer en los controles masculinos superó en 0,78 cm al sexo femenino y entre los malnutridos por defecto, los masculinos lograron 1,57 cm más que los femeninos. En el diámetro bicigomático hubo una fuerte asociación estadística y el riesgo relativo indicó que la incidencia del bajo peso al nacer fue mayor que en los controles (p <0,05). Conclusiones: Los niños con bajo peso al nacer presentan menor crecimiento y desarrollo craneofacial según las variables antropométricas.

Introduction: Fetal malnutrition impacts in a negative way the growth and development, thus affecting the craniofacial structures of the fetus. Objective: To determine the effects of fetal malnutrition by defect on craniofacial growth and development in children. Methods: An analytical case and control study was carried out in Jose Martí health area of Camagüey, from January 2018 to December 2020. A sample of 40 was selected from the totality of the children between 6 and 11 years old who belong to the referred health area, to be divided into 20 cases and the same number in the control group. The study group was composed of those low birth weight who present craniofacial abnormalities while control group included the children without craniofacial abnormalities and normal weight at birth. Anthropometric craniofacial measurements were performed on all the sample. Results: The head circumference at birth in male children of control group was 0.78 cm higher than that on female sex. Among those low birth weight, male children exhibited 1.57 cm higher than females. Regarding the bizygomatic diameter there was a strong statistic association and the relative risk indicated a higher incidence on the study group compared to the control group (p <0.05). Conclusions: Low birth weight children show lower craniofacial growth and development, with higher impact on females according to anthropometric variables.

Factores de riesgo relacionados con el bajo peso al nacer

La reducción del bajo peso al nacer es importante para obtener mejores resultados en la mortalidad infantil. Por eso nos planteamos el objetivo de: identificar los factores asociados con el riesgo de bajo peso al nacer, por su incremento en el municipio Río Cauto. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal, que incluyó a 51 gestantes que tuvieron recién nacidos con bajo peso al nacer de enero a diciembre del año 2022. Se utilizaron las variables: edad gestacional en el momento del parto, áreas de salud, peso de los nacidos vivos y por grupos de edad materna, paridad y patologías detectadas durante el embarazo. Hubo 528 nacidos vivos y 51 tuvieron un peso inferior a 2500 gramos, con un índice de (9.66 %); el parto pretérmino predominó en el Policlínico "Camilo Cienfuegos" con 5 neonatos (5.00 %) y el crecimiento intrauterino retardado en el Policlínico "Ernesto Guevara" con 14 nacimientos (9.03 %); el mayor por ciento de bajo peso ocurrió de 20 a 34 años de edad, 35 (68.63 %), donde sobresalió el policlínico "Máximo Gómez" con 18 (75 %). En los nacimientos por grupo de edades, el índice de bajo peso fue mayor en pacientes menores de 20 años, 14 (12.84 %). En el bajo peso predominaron: las nulíparas en 25 nacimientos (49.02 %), la anemia y embarazo 27 (52.94 %) y el síndrome de flujo vaginal 20 (39.22).

Summary Reducing low birth weight is important for better outcomes in infant mortality. That is why we set ourselves the objective of: identifying the factors associated with the risk of low birth weight, due to its increase in Río Cauto. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted, which included 51 pregnant women who had low birth weight newborns from January to December 2022. The following variables were used: gestational age at the time of delivery, health areas, live birth weight and maternal age groups, parity and pathologies detected during pregnancy. There were 528 live births and 51 had a weight of less than 2500 grams, with a rate of (9.66%); preterm delivery predominated at the Camilo Cienfuegos Polyclinic with 5 neonates (5.00%) and intrauterine growth retardation at the Ernesto Guevara Polyclinic with 14 births (9.03%); The highest percentage of underweight occurred between 20 and 34 years of age, 35 (68.63%), where the Máximo Gómez 18 polyclinic (75%) stood out. In births by age group, the rate of low birth weight was higher in patients under 20 years of age, 14 (12.84%). Nulliparous women predominated in 25 births (49.02%), anemia and pregnancy in 27 (52.94%), and vaginal discharge syndrome in 20 (39.22).

A redução do baixo peso ao nascer é importante para melhores desfechos na mortalidade infantil. Por isso, nos propusemos a identificar os fatores associados ao risco de baixo peso ao nascer, devido ao seu aumento no Rio Cauto. Foi realizado um estudo transversal descritivo, que incluiu 51 gestantes que tiveram recém-nascidos de baixo peso ao nascer no período de janeiro a dezembro de 2022. As seguintes variáveis foram utilizadas: idade gestacional no momento do parto, áreas de saúde, peso ao vivo e faixas etárias maternas, paridade e patologias detectadas durante a gestação. Foram 528 nascidos vivos e 51 com peso inferior a 2500 gramas, com taxa de (9,66%); predomínio de parto pré-termo na Policlínica Camilo Cienfuegos com 5 neonatos (5,00%) e retardo de crescimento intrauterino na Policlínica Ernesto Guevara com 14 nascimentos (9,03%); O maior percentual de baixo peso ocorreu entre 20 e 34 anos de idade, 35 (68,63%), onde se destacou a policlínica Máximo Gómez 18 (75%). Nos nascimentos por faixa etária, a taxa de baixo peso ao nascer foi maior nas pacientes com menos de 20 anos, 14 (12,84%). Nulíparas predominaram em 25 partos (49,02%), anemia e gravidez em 27 (52,94%) e síndrome do corrimento vaginal em 20 (39,22).